This has
been a topic that has turned over in my mind for a while. Allow me some
background. In our current social climate, Lev. 18:22 “You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an
abomination” has gotten a lot of attention. Social conservatives tend to lean
on it as a basis for opposition to the LGBT lobby; social progressives tend to
dismiss it as a single verse in a long list of outdated religious commands.
However, my impression is that they’re both wrong.
A note here for the reader: A Jewish peer of mine writing on the Torah helped me with a few passages and details. Out of respect for him, I have written "G_d" instead of spelling it out.
Here’s why: in the Bible, a single verse rarely stands there
on its own. Actually, this is generally true in life. In a larger passage of
work, a single sentence rarely stands on its own. Understanding that, I looked
at the passage as a whole (and then, the entire book of Leviticus, and then the
entirety of the first five books as they are indeed all part of that greater
work). Though the social debate has moved on from this particular battleground,
I still find it worth looking at this – actually as a believing Christian I
know it’s wise to return to the Bible frequently. Society may have moved on,
but the Word remains the same.
The first thing I noted in this passage is that there’s a
large number of sexual issues the book discusses. Homosexuality is not singled
out. However it is verse 21 that stands out here,
“You shall not give any of your offspring to offer
them to Molech, nor shall you profane
the name of your G_d; I am the Lord.”
So in the
midst of discussing sexual relation, the Lord
felt the need to tell the Israelites not to sacrifice children or profane the
name of their G_d. At first glance, this seems odd. Of course, understanding
scripture, we should know that that command was placed within that greater
passage for good reason. We are supposed to understand that there is a relation
here. The best way to understand is to start at the beginning…
18 Then
the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the
sons of Israel and say to them, ‘I am the Lord
your G_d. 3 You shall not do what is done in the land of Egypt where you lived,
nor are you to do what is done in the land of Canaan where I am bringing you;
you shall not walk in their statutes. 4 You are to perform My judgments and
keep My statutes, to live in accord with them; I am the Lord
your G_d. 5 So you shall keep My statutes and My judgments, by which a man may
live if he does them; I am the Lord.
The Lord begins this with book ends that call back to the
first commandment: “I am the Lord.” That alone is
worth a study, but we won’t go into too much detail at this point. However,
it’s important enough to note that this means what He has to say here is of
particular importance. He begins by separating Israel from their past in the
Egypt, and from a possible future within Canaan. There are similar customs in
both these territories that are too be avoided. Instead they are exhorted to
follow His instruction, twice mentioning His judgments and statues, in order
that one might live (another important concept we’ll get back to later). What sort
of practices are we to avoid?
6 ‘None of
you shall approach any blood relative of his to uncover nakedness; I am the Lord.
Huh. Well.
That seems easy. Don’t have relations with my close relations – siblings,
parents, descendants, , etc. Yeah, makes sense. No problem, right? Well, we say
that because this, in the relative history of the world, is a fairly new
concept. We’re used to the idea that marrying/having sexual relations with our nuclear
family is taboo. That’s because Western Civilization for some time embraced
Judeo-Christian values that had these taboos. When G_d is handing out this
command to the Israelites, it’s a new concept. Remember back in Genesis,
Abram’s nephew Lot slept with both his daughters after the destruction of
Sodom. That was even pushing the limits then, sure, but expressly forbidding it
is new. Still, we’re off to a solid start, right?
Note that
close cousins are not included in this mix. Aunts and Uncles, yes, but not
cousins. So take heart, Shelbyville. You can indeed marry your cousins who are
so darned attractive according to the Law.
Side note:
We’re going to take a few givens here because Leviticus assumes them. First,
men and women are distinct. Sorry, Transgender progressives and anti-gender
binary activists, but we’re not getting to this issue at this time. It’s the
way we’re built and the Bible assumes this as given “Male and female he created
them.” With that in mind, the familial structure is generally assumed, that is
father, mother, and children. Sorry SSM-proponents, although we’ll get more
discussion on this point, fear not. Let’s move on for now …
7 You
shall not uncover the nakedness of your father, that is, the nakedness of your
mother. She is your mother; you are not to uncover her nakedness. 8 You shall
not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife; it is your father’s nakedness.
9 The nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s
daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not
uncover. 10 The nakedness of your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter,
their nakedness you shall not uncover; for their nakedness is yours. 11 The
nakedness of your father’s wife’s daughter, born to your father, she is your
sister, you shall not uncover her nakedness. 12 You shall not uncover the
nakedness of your father’s sister; she is your father’s blood relative. 13 You
shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, for she is your
mother’s blood relative. 14 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s
brother; you shall not approach his wife, she is your aunt. 15 You shall not
uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law; she is your son’s wife, you
shall not uncover her nakedness. 16 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your
brother’s wife; it is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You shall not uncover the
nakedness of a woman and of her daughter, nor shall you take her son’s daughter
or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; they are blood relatives.
It is lewdness.
Whew! What
a list! Now at first glance one would assume this is all covered in the
previous verse, but it’s spelled out for good reasons. One, we’re going from
general concept to more specific. In an oral culture, repetition is important.
Frequently in scripture we find the general concept stated, and then reiterated
in increasing detail. In part, 7 through 17 is going into the details of 6. But
it’s more than that too. Note verse 9:
The
nakedness of your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s
daughter, whether born at home or born
outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover.
These
apply to step-brothers and step-sisters. Though they are not born into your
family, they are now family. In fact, this is key to understand these details.
The familial structure is to be preserved. Your step-sister is technically not
a blood relation, but now that your two parents have married, she is for all
intents and purposes your sister. Note how the Bible frequently brings it back
to the nuclear family unit “Father’s wife, son’s daughter, daughter’s daughter,
mother’s sister.” These are all considered blood relations now. The familial
structure is to be preserved. We don’t have sexual relations with family, even
if they weren’t originally related by blood we are to consider them blood
relatives now. Note that in I Corinthians it’s not homosexuality that Paul is
scolding the church there for, it’s for violating this principle. Understanding
it helps us read the following.
18 You
shall not marry a woman in addition to her sister as a rival while she is
alive, to uncover her nakedness. 19 Also you shall not approach a woman to
uncover her nakedness during her menstrual impurity. 20 You shall not have
intercourse with your neighbor’s wife, to be defiled with her.
18 we saw
demonstrated in detail in Genesis as well. Jacob marries Leah and Rachel, and
there is tension within the household. There were consequences which rippled
down to their sons. 20 expands our look outward. We are to respect our familial
bonds, we are to respect the familial bonds of others. We are not to disrupt
the family. Then we get back to 21 …
You shall not give any of your offspring to offer
them to Molech, nor shall you profane
the name of your G_d; I am the Lord.
What is this doing here? Remember the concept we discussed?
The family is to be preserved. Life is to be affirmed. We are not to disrupt
the family structure. If we fail to preserve this structure, we might as well
be sacrificing our children to a hungry idol. We profane the Lord who
affirms life. Disrupting the family is damaging to our children. We are
destroying them for our own sexual interests.
Interestingly, when Israel initial turns from the Lord, they
turn to fertility deities – they worship sex personified. But near the end,
when G_d sends his prophets to declare the end of their nation, they indeed are
sacrificing their very children to idols. Is it any surprise that abortion
followed our pursuit of sexual “freedom?” That it is jealously guarded by the
progressives today?
We get back to the verse that brought us here in the first
place:
22 You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female;
it is an abomination. 23 Also you shall not have intercourse with any animal to
be defiled with it, nor shall any woman stand before an animal to mate with it;
it is a perversion.
These are non-starters in this passage. There is no way in
Leviticus that a man can have a family with another man (remember that gender
is objective in scripture). There is no life to be had in this union. Nowadays
we can bypass this somewhat, but Biblically speaking it’s not the same. Life
cannot start with this union. Today’s modern work-arounds simulate the family,
but even then we do so with disregard to the children of pairings like this.
This isn’t new. Recall in the mid-late twentieth century when divorce was more
common that it was assumed “children were resilient” only to find out decades
later that many children were still affected by their parents’ split-up.
Family has a great purpose: to raise children to become
adults. Biologically speaking, amongst mammals only humans take so long to
mature. Nurturing our children to adulthood takes more time and effort than
nurturing a puppy or a foal.
Verse 23 ends with something which seems almost as obvious as
6. Again, it’s a non-starter. You’re not even in the same species, buddy. You
can’t even relate to an animal. Going that far is a dead end. (Side note: I’ve
had progressive friends and family state that homosexuality isn’t that important
as it’s mentioned so rarely in the Bible. Note that this is the only time I
know G_d mentions bestiality. Not a good criteria people). Of course, it’s
mentioned because yes, this was a thing that could and would happen back then
and yes, there’s people who do this today. Ew, people. Just … ew.
G_d wraps things up, ending with where we started by
contrasting Israel with other nations.
24 ‘Do not defile yourselves by any of these things; for by
all these the nations which I am casting out before you have become defiled. 25
For the land has become defiled, therefore I have brought its punishment upon
it, so the land has spewed out its inhabitants. 26 But as for you, you are to
keep My statutes and My judgments and shall not do any of these abominations,
neither the native, nor the alien who sojourns among you 27 (for the men of the
land who have been before you have done all these abominations, and the land
has become defiled); 28 so that the land will not spew you out, should you
defile it, as it has spewed out the nation which has been before you. 29 For
whoever does any of these abominations, those persons who do so shall be cut
off from among their people. 30 Thus you are to keep My charge, that you do not
practice any of the abominable customs which have been practiced before you, so
as not to defile yourselves with them; I am the Lord your G_d.’”
Don’t behave like the Canaanites. G_d is sending Israel into
Canaan (belatedly thanks to a few choices by the Israelites). Canaan’s
practices has signed its own death warrant. In fact, G_d says the land has
spewed them out. It’s rejected them. They are a dying race because of their
actions. Emulating Canaan will result in the same thing. The Lord says
he is giving them this land, but they must not act as Canaan or the same thing
will happen. They will be rejected violently. That’s the way of death. They
just left Egypt who practiced these things (recall the first part of this
passage) – Egypt where G_d slew the firstborn son (a symbol of strength amongst
ancient cultures, thus symbolizing the objective end of Egypt’s strength) and
crushed their military might. Their practices led to their death. Don’t be like
them!
This is so important that G_d commands that the Israelites
are not even to tolerate this amongst visitors. Yes, there are commands that
they are to be kind to strangers in their country just as they were strangers
in Egypt, but this shows that goes so far. The Israelites are not to tolerate
this behavior in anyone. Note that this ties in later in Acts 15, when the
church is discussing just what is required of Gentile converts. One faction
wants them to convert to full Judaism, Paul’s faction notes, “That’s tough for
us, we can’t make them be Jews.” The compromise: don’t eat meat sacrificed to
idols (idolatry), don’t engage in sexual immorality. This way, Jews and
Gentiles can share a table with no conflicts.
The concept of life and death follows through these books. I
believe all this and more is summed up in the conclusion of Deuteronomy:
19 I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that
I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose
life in order that you may live, you and your descendants, 20 by loving the Lord your
G_d, by obeying His voice, and by holding fast to Him; for this is your life
and the length of your days, that you may live in the land which the Lord swore
to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give them.
We have a choice between blessing and curse, life and death.
G_d is not looking to punish for falling out of line. He knows how this world
works. The family was created to foster life. We are urged to preserve the
family in its natural form so that we might live, so our children will know
life and not death.